Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử a) x^2 + 4xy – 21y^2 b) 5x^2 + 6xy + y^2 c) x^2 + 2xy – 15y^2
100
18/12/2023
Câu 34: Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử
a) x2 + 4xy – 21y2
b) 5x2 + 6xy + y2
c) x2 + 2xy – 15y2
d) (x – y)2 + 4(x – y) – 12
e) x2 – 7xy + 10y2
f) x2yz + 5xyz – 14yz
g) x4 + 4x2 – 5
h) x3 – 19x – 30
i) x3 – 5x2 – 14x
j) x3 – 7x – 6
k) x3 – 5x2 – 14
Trả lời
a) x2 + 4xy – 21y2
= x2 + 7xy – 3xy – 21y2
= x(x + 7y) – 3y(x + 7y)
= (x + 7y)(x – 3y)
b) 5x2 + 6xy + y2
= 5x2 + 5xy + xy + y2
= 5x(x + y) + y(x + y)
= (x + y)(5x + y)
c) x2 + 2xy – 15y2
= x2 + 5xy – 3xy – 15y2
= x(x + 5y) – 3y(x + 5y)
= (x + 5y)(x – 3y)
d) (x – y)2 + 4(x – y) – 12
= (x – y)2 + 6 (x – y) – 2(x – y) – 12
= (x – y) (x – y + 6) – 2 (x – y + 6)
= (x – y + 6)(x – y – 2)
e) x2 – 7xy + 10y2
= x2 – 2xy – 5xy + 10y2
= x(x – 2y) – 5y(x – 2y)
= (x – 2y)(x – 5y)
f) x2yz + 5xyz – 14yz
= x2yz + 7xyz – 2xyz – 14yz
= xyz (x + 7) – 2yz(x + 7)
= yz(x + 7)(x – 2)
g) x4 + 4x2 – 5
= x4 – x2 + 5x2 – 5
= x2 (x2 – 1) + 5 (x2 – 1)
= (x2 – 1) (x2 + 5)
= (x – 1)(x + 1)(x2 + 5)
h) x3 – 19x – 30
= x3 + 5x2 + 6x – 5x2 – 25x – 30
= x (x2 + 5x + 6) – 5 (x2 + 5x + 6)
= (x2 + 5x + 6) (x – 5)
= (x – 5)(x2 + 2x + 3x + 6)
= (x – 5)[x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)]
= (x – 5)(x + 2)(x + 3).
i) x3 – 5x2 – 14x
= x(x2 – 5x – 14)
= x(x2 – 7x + 2x – 14)
= x[x(x – 7) + 2 (x – 7)]
= x(x – 7)(x + 2)
j) x3 – 7x – 6
= x3 + 3x2 + 2x – 3x2 – 9x – 6
= x(x2 + 3x + 2) – 3(x2 + 3x + 2)
= (x – 3)(x2 + 3x + 2)
= (x – 3)(x2 + x + 2x + 2)
= (x – 3)[x(x + 1) + 2(x + 1)]
= (x – 3)(x + 1)(x + 2).