Cho x + y + z = 0 và x, y, z ≠ 0. Rút gọn biểu thức sau:

\(\frac{{xy}}{{{x^2} + {y^2} - {z^2}}} + \frac{{yz}}{{{y^2} + {z^2} - {x^2}}} + \frac{{zx}}{{{z^2} + {x^2} - {y^2}}}\).

Theo đề bài ta có: x + y + z = 0, suy ra z = –x – y.

Do đó, ta có:

\(\frac{{xy}}{{{x^2} + {y^2} - {z^2}}} + \frac{{yz}}{{{y^2} + {z^2} - {x^2}}} + \frac{{zx}}{{{z^2} + {x^2} - {y^2}}}\)

\( = \frac{{xy}}{{{x^2} + {y^2} - {{\left( { - x - y} \right)}^2}}} + \frac{{y\left( { - x - y} \right)}}{{{y^2} + {{\left( { - x - y} \right)}^2} - {x^2}}} + \frac{{\left( { - x - y} \right)x}}{{{{\left( { - x - y} \right)}^2} + {x^2} - {y^2}}}\)

\( = \frac{{xy}}{{{x^2} + {y^2} - {{\left( {x + y} \right)}^2}}} + \frac{{ - xy - {y^2}}}{{{y^2} + {{\left( {x + y} \right)}^2} - {x^2}}} + \frac{{ - {x^2} - xy}}{{{{\left( {x + y} \right)}^2} + {x^2} - {y^2}}}\)

\( = \frac{{xy}}{{{x^2} + {y^2} - {x^2} - {y^2} - 2xy}} + \frac{{ - xy - {y^2}}}{{{y^2} + {x^2} + 2xy + {y^2} - {x^2}}} + \frac{{ - {x^2} - xy}}{{{x^2} + 2xy + {y^2} + {x^2} - {y^2}}}\)

\( = \frac{{xy}}{{ - 2xy}} + \frac{{ - xy - {y^2}}}{{2{y^2} + 2xy}} + \frac{{ - {x^2} - xy}}{{2{x^2} + 2xy}}\)

\( = \frac{{ - 1}}{2} + \frac{{ - y\left( {x + y} \right)}}{{2y\left( {y + x} \right)}} + \frac{{ - x\left( {x + y} \right)}}{{2x\left( {x + y} \right)}}\)

\( = \frac{{ - 1}}{2} + \frac{{ - 1}}{2} + \frac{{ - 1}}{2}\)\( = \frac{{ - 3}}{2}\).