Cho a, b, c là các số dương tùy ý. Chứng minh rằng:

\[\frac{{bc}}{{b + c + 2a}} + \frac{{ca}}{{c + a + 2b}} + \frac{{ab}}{{a + b + 2c}} \le \frac{{a + b + c}}{4}\].

Lời giải

Ta có: \(b + c + 2a = \left( {a + b} \right) + \left( {a + c} \right) \ge 2\sqrt {\left( {a + b} \right)\left( {a + c} \right)} \)

\( \Rightarrow \left( {a + b} \right)\left( {a + c} \right) \le \frac{{{{\left( {a + b + a + c} \right)}^2}}}{4}\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{{a + b + a + c}} \le \frac{{a + b + a + c}}{{4\left( {a + b} \right)\left( {a + c} \right)}}\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{{a + b + a + c}} \le \frac{1}{4}\left( {\frac{1}{{a + b}} + \frac{1}{{a + c}}} \right)\)

\[ \Rightarrow \frac{{bc}}{{b + c + 2a}} \le \frac{{bc}}{4}\left( {\frac{1}{{a + b}} + \frac{1}{{a + c}}} \right)\]

Tương tự ta có:

• \[\frac{{ca}}{{c + a + 2b}} \le \frac{{ca}}{4}\left( {\frac{1}{{b + c}} + \frac{1}{{a + b}}} \right)\]

• \[\frac{{ab}}{{a + b + 2c}} \le \frac{{ab}}{4}\left( {\frac{1}{{a + c}} + \frac{1}{{b + c}}} \right)\]

Suy ra \(VT = \frac{{bc}}{{b + c + 2a}} + \frac{{ca}}{{c + a + 2b}} + \frac{{ab}}{{a + b + 2c}}\)

\( \le \frac{{bc}}{4}\left( {\frac{1}{{a + b}} + \frac{1}{{a + c}}} \right) + \frac{{ca}}{4}\left( {\frac{1}{{b + c}} + \frac{1}{{a + b}}} \right) + \frac{{ab}}{4}\left( {\frac{1}{{a + c}} + \frac{1}{{b + c}}} \right)\)

\( = \frac{1}{4}\left[ {\frac{1}{{a + b}}\left( {bc + ac} \right) + \frac{1}{{a + c}}\left( {bc + ab} \right) + \frac{1}{{b + c}}\left( {ac + ab} \right)} \right]\)

\( = \frac{1}{4}\left[ {\frac{1}{{a + b}}\,.\,c\left( {b + a} \right) + \frac{1}{{a + c}}\,.\,b\left( {c + a} \right) + \frac{1}{{b + c}}\,.\,a\left( {c + b} \right)} \right]\)

\( = \frac{1}{4}\left( {c + b + a} \right) = \frac{{a + b + c}}{4} = VP\).

Vậy \[\frac{{bc}}{{b + c + 2a}} + \frac{{ca}}{{c + a + 2b}} + \frac{{ab}}{{a + b + 2c}} \le \frac{{a + b + c}}{4}\] (đpcm).