Cho các điểm A, B, C, D, M, N, E bất kì. Chứng minh rằng:

a) $\overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {CD} = \overrightarrow {AD} + \overrightarrow {CB}$;

b) $\overrightarrow {AM} + \overrightarrow {BN} + \overrightarrow {CE} = \overrightarrow {AN} + \overrightarrow {BE} + \overrightarrow {CM} = \overrightarrow {AE} + \overrightarrow {BM} + \overrightarrow {CN}$.

Lời giải

a) $\overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {CD} = \overrightarrow {AD} + \overrightarrow {DB} + \overrightarrow {AD} + \overrightarrow {CB} + \overrightarrow {BD} = \overrightarrow {AD} + \overrightarrow {CB}$

b) • $\overrightarrow {AM} + \overrightarrow {BN} + \overrightarrow {CE} = \overrightarrow {AN} + \overrightarrow {NM} + \overrightarrow {BE} + \overrightarrow {CM} + \overrightarrow {CM} + \overrightarrow {ME}$

$= \left( {\overrightarrow {AN} + \overrightarrow {BE} + \overrightarrow {CM} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {CM} + \overrightarrow {NM} + \overrightarrow {ME} } \right)$

$= \left( {\overrightarrow {AN} + \overrightarrow {BE} + \overrightarrow {CM} } \right) + \overrightarrow {EE} = \left( {\overrightarrow {AN} + \overrightarrow {BE} + \overrightarrow {CM} } \right) + \overrightarrow 0$

$= \overrightarrow {AN} + \overrightarrow {BE} + \overrightarrow {CM}$

• $\overrightarrow {AM} + \overrightarrow {BN} + \overrightarrow {CE} = \overrightarrow {AE} + \overrightarrow {EM} + \overrightarrow {BM} + \overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow {CN} + \overrightarrow {NE}$

$= \left( {\overrightarrow {AE} + \overrightarrow {BM} + \overrightarrow {CN} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {EM} + \overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow {NE} } \right)$

$= \left( {\overrightarrow {AE} + \overrightarrow {BM} + \overrightarrow {CN} } \right) + \overrightarrow {EE} = \left( {\overrightarrow {AE} + \overrightarrow {BM} + \overrightarrow {CN} } \right) + \overrightarrow 0$

$= \overrightarrow {AE} + \overrightarrow {BM} + \overrightarrow {CN}$.

Vậy $\overrightarrow {AM} + \overrightarrow {BN} + \overrightarrow {CE} = \overrightarrow {AN} + \overrightarrow {BE} + \overrightarrow {CM} = \overrightarrow {AE} + \overrightarrow {BM} + \overrightarrow {CN}$.