Cho ba đa thức:

M = 3x³ – 4x²y + 3x – y; N = 5xy – 3x + 2; P = 3x³ + 2x²y + 7x – 1.

Tính M + N – P và M – N – P.

Ta có:

• M + N – P = (3x³ – 4x²y + 3x – y) + (5xy – 3x + 2) – (3x³ + 2x²y + 7x – 1)

= 3x³ – 4x²y + 3x – y + 5xy – 3x + 2 – 3x³ – 2x²y – 7x + 1

= (3x³ – 3x³) – (4x²y + 2x²y) + 5xy + (3x – 3x – 7x) – y + (2 + 1)

= – 6x²y + 5xy – 7x – y + 3.

• M – N – P = (3x³ – 4x²y + 3x – y) – (5xy – 3x + 2) – (3x³ + 2x²y + 7x – 1)

= 3x³ – 4x²y + 3x – y + 5xy + 3x – 2 – 3x³ – 2x²y – 7x + 1

= (3x³ – 3x³) – (4x²y + 2x²y) + 5xy + (3x + 3x – 7x) – y + (1 – 2)

= – 6x²y + 5xy – x – y – 1.

Vậy M + N – P = – 6x²y + 5xy – 7x – y + 3; M – N – P = – 6x²y + 5xy – x – y – 1.